Which antibiotics are commonly avoided in pregnancy due to teratogenicity?

• A. Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones
• B. Macrolides
• C. Penicillins
• D. Aminoglycosides

Answer: (A)

Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones are avoided in pregnancy because they pose risks to fetal development. Tetracyclines cross the placenta and deposit in fetal bone and teeth, causing permanent tooth discoloration and enamel defects and potentially affecting bone growth. Fluoroquinolones can impair developing cartilage, with animal studies showing joint damage; while human data are less definitive, the potential risk leads clinicians to avoid them during pregnancy. By contrast, many other antibiotic groups are considered safer options during pregnancy (for example, penicillins and cephalosporins), while aminoglycosides are used with caution due to potential neonatal hearing loss and kidney toxicity.